Hydrogenating oily material containing unsaturated bodies.



M. H. ITTNER. HYDROGENATING OILY MATERIAL CONTAINING UNSATURATED BODIES.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6. 1914.

Patented July 9, 1918.

LQYL575O WITNESSES A TTORNEYS,

MARTIN HILL ITTNEB, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY.

HYDBOG-ENATING OILY MATERIAL CONTAINING" UNSATURATED BODIES.

Specification of Letters ratent.

Patented July e, 191s.

Application filed May 6, 1914. Serial No. 836,624.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARTIN HILL ITT'NER,

a citizen'of the ITnited States, residing at No. 202 Ege avenue, Jersey City, Hudson county, State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Hydrogenizing Oily Material Containing Unsaturated Bodies; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled inthe art to which it appertains to makeand use the same. My'inventionrelates to certain new and useful improvements in hydrogenizing oily material containing unsaturated bodies, 13. 6., hydrogenizing fatty acids or their esters either wholly or partially, as the case may be, and-by the aid of a catalyst whose presence, under suitable thermal conditions, initiates and maintains the hydrogenization.

The main characteristic feature of my invention consists in forcing the oily material, mixed with the catalyst and under appropriate thermal conditions through an orifice or opening, so related to the hydrogen employed in the operation, that the gas will be intimately mixed with the oily material and the catalyst, the constituent elements of the mixture being brought into such close contact relation with each other as to insure a rapid and effective progress of the hydrogenizing operation. Specific modifications of the generic invention will also be hereinafter particularly described;

In the accompanying drawing,-I have illustrated, in vertical central section and partial elevation, suitable apparatus appropriate to the practice of the invention.

Referring to the drawing,--F indicates a suitable metal tank or receptacle for the reception of the unsaturated oily material to be hydrogenized, which material may be admitted throu h the supply pipe C provided with a s ut-oflt' cock at. The receptacle F is preferably provided with a conical bottom having a heating jacket J adapted to be supp 'ed with steam or other suitable heating agent for the purpose of maintaining the appropriate temperature in the receptacle F.

' At its lower end,'the nates in an outlet pipe a suitably covered with heat-insulating material, which may either discharge through a branch (1' or into a pump chamber P, actuated from the steam nally centra aperture or apertures,

receptacle F termi- 7 cylinder P, a suitable three-way valve 0,, being provided, as shown, to direct the flow of the material. The pump chamber P discharges through the outlet pipe b, which, in turn, communicates with the pipes c, each having a hand-valve, c, d so that, by appropriate manipulation of thesaid valves, the pipe I) will discharge through the pipe 0 or the pipe (1, as desired. The pipe 0" enters a heater H of any appropriate kind adapted to heat the entering pipe exterbefore it issues from the heater in the form of the return pipe K, which. latter communicates withapipe B extending into the receptacle F. A thermometer T. enters the pipe B, at its upper end, so as toregister the temperature of the ingoingmixture. At its lower end, the pipe B is provided with an aspirator B consisting of an inner'sleeve flarin outwardly at its ends and having a as indicated at e establishing communication between the interior of the sleeve with the annular space between the sleeve and the pi e B. Into this annular space enters the pipe f having a hand-valve f, and having a branch g which may be opened or closed at will by the hand-valve g so as to put the pipe f into full communication with the interior of the receptacle F above the level of the oil therein or to shut off such communication wholly or partially as desired. The

E1130 f leads from the source which sup lies ydrogen to the apparatus. A pipe O aving a hand-valve M leads from the top of the a paratus to withdraw any gas that may ecome vitiated, and which may require purification before re-use. A pipe communicates with and forms a continuation of the aspirator and extends downward to near the lower end of the receptacleF and below the surface of the oily material undergoing hydrogenation.

In the practice of the invention, the mixture of the oily material containing unsaturated bodies, (for instance fatty acids or their esters) with the catalyst employed,

is admitted into the chamber F through the pipe C, and rises to a suitable level in the receptacle, leaving a space in the upper part started 10 9 pipe C, if said gas becomes vitiated, and,

' thetube G into and the fatty acids or their esters, mixed with the catalyzer, are-pumped through the pipe K and enter the apparatus .through the pipe B, passing the thermometer T, which indicates the temperature of the mixture. The mixture, under pressure, passes through the aspirator. B whereupon hydrogen gas is drawn. in through the aperture 6 and is intimately mixed with the mixture of fatty acids or their esters and the catalyzer.

The mixture of fatty acids or their esters, catalyzer and hydrogen gas passes through the chamber F. It may be made to discharge, as shown, below'the surface of the fatty acids or theiresters within the chamber F, whereby the hydrogen gas not absorbed bubbles up through the fatty acids or their esters and keeps them in a state of nrotion, thereby preventing the cata lyzer from settling out of the mixture and further adding to the absorption of hydrogen by the fatty acids or their esters.

' Hydrogen gas may be introduced from without through the pipe 7 by manipulating the cock f, or it may be drawn in from the upper part of the chamber through the cock 9 controlled, as shown,'from without the chamber. The gas in the upper part of the chamber F may be withdrawn through the after purification, may be returned to the apparatus. The fatty acids or their esters may be heated to a suitable temperature, by means of steam admitted through the pipe 2' and taking its exit through the pipe z, or by means of the heater H which may likewise be heated by steam as indicated. I

, find the most suitable temperatures for operchambers similar to F in ating on the different fatty esters, when nickel is used as the catalyzer to lie between 130 C. and. 200 C., although the process will work outside of either limit.

I do not confine myself to the exact type of apparatus herein described, asI find that the process can be worked to advantage with a p urality of places where a jet of fatty acids or their esters'mixed with the catalyzer may be forced into intimate contact with hydrogen gas, and \I further find that it may be advantageous employ several series.

The fatty acids or their esters, mixed with catalyzer, after issuing from the tube G may be passed a'second'time through the tube K for further treatment inthe same apparatus, or the mixture may acids or their pipe d and cock (1' intoanother similar apparatus.

The mixture of fatty acids or their esters with catal zer;'.may, at any time, be.with-' drawn an the catalyzer removed by well known methods, so asto be again employed in hydrogenizing fatty acids or their esters, and the hydrogenized fatty acids and their esters may thus be left in condition for use.

gen gas is drawn into be forced through the a catalyzer,

' surewithin F, 'over the atmospheric pres sure, to prevent the possibility of air leaking in and forming an explosive mixture with the hydrogen gas. The process may, .however, be worked to advantage with a considerable pressure within the chamber F, or will even continue to work under a partial vacuum within F due to insuflicient hydrogen gas being introduced through f to compensate for the absorption.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. The process of hydrogenizing oily material containing unsaturated bodies, which comprises forcing the material, mixed with a catalyzer, through an orifice'or opening, which orifice or opening communicates with a supply of hydrogen gas, and causing the material and catalyzer to enfecting an intimate mixture of the oil matei rial and the hydrogen gas; substantlall'yas described. a

2. The process of hydrogenizing oily terial containing unsaturated bodles, which comprises forcing the material, mixed with a catalyzer, through an orifice or opening, which orifice a supply of hydrogen gas, whereby hydrogen gas is drawn into the mixture of oi y material and catalyzer and'whereby an intimate mixture of the oily material and the hydrogen gas is brought about, and discharging said mixture into an inclosed space containing an atmosphere of hydrogen gas; substantiallyTzis described.f h d ll 3. e process 0 y rogenizin 0' y material containing unsaturated bodies,- which comprises forcing the material, mixed with a catalyzer, through an orifice or ope which orifice or opening communica with a supply of hydrogen gas, whereby h dro-' the mixture 0 oily material and catalyzer and whereb an int1- mate mixture of the oily materiafand the hydrogen gas is brought about, and dis- 4. The process ofhydrogenia oily macharging .said mixture into an inclosed space terial containing unsaturated b ies, which comprises forcing the material, mixed with through an orifice or opening, which orifice or opening-communicates .with a supply of hydrogen gas, whereby hydro gen gas is drawn into the mixtureo oily material and catalyzer intimate mixture of oily material and the hydrogen gas is brought about, and discharging said mixture into an inclosed and whereby an space containing a body of the oily material mixed with the catalyzer and containing an atmosphere. of hydrogen gas, withdrawing the oily material together with the catalyzer contained therein, and again forcing them into the same chamber and causing them again to draw in hydrogen gas and to be brought into intimate contact therewith; substantially as described,

5. The process of hydrogenizin oily material containing unsaturated bo les, which comprises forcing the material, mixed with a catalyzer, through an orifice or opening, which orifice or opening communicates with a supply of hydrogen gas, whereby hydrogen gas is drawn into the mixture of oily material and catalyzer and whereby an intimate mixture of the oily material and the hydrogen gas is brought about, and discharging said mixture into an inclosed space containing a body of the oily material mixed with the catalyzer and containing an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, withdrawin the oily material together with the cata yzer contained therein, and again forcing them into the same chamber and causing them again to draw in hydrogen gas and to be brought into intimate contact therewith, said'hydrogen gas being supplied from the atmosphere of the chamber itself; substantially as described.

' same opemng,

6. The method of hydrogenizin oily material containing unsaturated bodies, which comprises forcing said material, mixed with a eatalyzer, together with hydrogen gas, simultaneously under pressure through the whereby the oily material,

the catalyzer, and the hydrogen gas are brought into intimate contact; substantially as described.

7 The rocess of treating oily material and the li e containing unsaturated bodies which comprises confining a body of said material, admixed with a catalyzer, in juxtaposition to a hydrogen-containing gaseous medium, in withdrawing from said body portions thereof, in passing such portions through some portion of said gaseous medium; whereby entrainment of some portion of the latter occurs, and in causing the withdrawn oil and entrained gas to enter said body of oil beneath the surface thereof;

whereby saturation of at least a portion of said unsaturated bodies is effected.

8. The rocess of treating oily material and the li e containing unsaturated bodies which comprises confining a body of said material, admixed with a catalyzer, in juxtaposition to a hydrogen-containing gaseous medium under pressure, in continuously withdrawing from said body portions thereof, in passing said portions. through some portion of said gaseous medium; whereby entrainment of some portion of the latter occurs, and in causing the withdrawn oil and entrained gas to enter said body of oil at a point well beneath the surface thereof- Whereby saturation of at least a portion 0 said unsaturated bodies is eifected.

In testimony whereof I aifix'my signature, inpresence of two witnesses;

MARTIN HILL ITTNER.

1 Witnesses:

C. B. SoHRonDnR, M. A. BILL. 

